Westerwald Pottery Influence in Early America
Westerwald Pottery Influence in Early America
The Documentation Center Kannenbaeckerland in Hoehr-Grenzhausen, Germany has precise knowledge about the emigration of potters from the Kannenbaeckerland to the USA. Acording to their information a potter named Johann Wilhelm Crolius emigrated from the Kannenbäckerland in 1718 to Manhattan. There he founded in 1728 a stoneware pottery which was in operation until 1849. The Westerwald manufacturing processes that he introduced where far more superior to the American stoneware production at that time.
The name Crolius is undoubtedly a variation of in the Kannenbäckerland widespread pottery name "Corcilius" which changed to "Crolius".
A second Westerwald potter named John Remmey emigrated around 1731 to the USA and founded his stoneware pottery also in Manhattan, he produced Westerwald style blue-gray stoneware up to 1820. His descendants where established in New York until 1831. In the same year the grandson of John Remmey, Henry R. went to Philadelphia and founded his own new company. In Philadelphia the grey-blue salt-glazed stoneware in Westerwald tradition was produced until around 1870. Another descendant of the family of potters Remmey worked until 1833 in South Amboy in New Jersey.
James Morgan founded in 1770 in South Amboy a stoneware factory. Based on fragments of excavated findings, Morgan must have had a potter that was very familar with the stoneware pottery from the Kannenbaeckerland.
Long before individual potter families emigrated to the USA, valuable stoneware jugs and mugs from the Kannenbaeckerland where shipped to the New World mostly over England. Numerous findings provide evidence for this in the USA. One example is the finding of a valuable blue-gray Westerwald stoneware jug from around 1610 in Jamestown, the jug decoration depicted the well-known story of Judith and Holofernes.
In 1979 the Documentation Center Kannenbäckerland in Hoehr-Grenzhausen recieved an interesting question from the Archaeological Society of Delaware in the USA.
A Kannenbaeckerland produced jug had been found and unearthed from a pile of garbage that had been created shortly after 1662 by an English captain. The scientific study of the fragments of the broken stoneware showed that it had a coat of arms from Count Friedrich Emich, the Count of Leiningen and the Lord of Aspermont, who was born 1621. A branch of this family, the Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg were situated in the Westerwald. Based on the genealogical history book from this house, the Count received from Count Friedrich Emich two valuable old jugs. On these two jugs there was the inscription: "Friederich Emich, Count of Leiningen and Taxburg, Lord of Appirmont, 1676". It was clear that the excavated Delaware jug was the second jug from the Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg and presumably, the two were derived from one and the same year. Stoneware from the Kannenbaeckerland was specifically produced for the wedding of Frederick's son Emichs Emich XIII in 1676. One of the two jugs where apparently a wedding guest gift. This is likely to have come in quite the same shape and decoration as a wedding jug to the USA, long forgotten for over more than 300 years, it has now been finally unearthed.

Selection of interesting website links related to this topic:
Archaeological Society of Delaware,
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Dokumentationszentrum Kannenbäckerland e.V. (DZK),
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Preservation Virginia (APVA),
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